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Nauhaus Prototype Update: We’re Done So Quit Askin’!

November 29th, 2010 by Clarke

Thanks to everyone who has pushed me for an update on the carbon neutral prototype house project. I’ve had my hands full and blogging just hasn’t risen to the top of the list. Stay tuned because I have six months of great research results on a number of fronts including compressed earth block floors and walls, site made earthplasters, and a simple purchased clay and sand earth plaster.

What everyone asks first, however, is “when are you gonna be done”? Let’s put that baby to bed once and for all: we’re done. We’ve received our Certificate of Occupancy from the city and are jumping through a few hoops for the bank (don’t get me started, gawd!). Our test family, Jeff/Jeanine/Jackson (JJJ), are moving in upstairs next week. We’re looking for someone to live in the downstairs apartment, and the Nauhaus think tank/office/lab will be moved to the downstairs office.

So from a real estate, taxes, and bank perspective, we’re done. However, the point of this research project wasn’t just to build a house, but to create a living lab and opportunity for study, so there is still lots of work that we’ll do. High on the list will be to complete the final blower door test to see if we will receive Passive House certification. In the next month or two, we’ll be completing a collaboration with Tom Rioux of Earthpaint to test a number of finish solutions for the earthen materials in the building. This is exciting work because in the end we’ll be able to specify commericially available products from Earthpaint to finish and seal compressed earth blocks and earthen plasters.

If you want to help us with our ongoing research, we still need support to realize our:

  • performance monitoring system
  • “urban homestead” landscape installation
  • 7KW photovoltaic system to make the project perhaps one of the first carbon neutral houses in the world
  • – Clarke

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    Cordwood Hobbit Style House with round door and living roof in Wisconsin

    August 23rd, 2010 by Strongwood

    Dan and Jessi P. built every hairy footed hobbit-fanciers dream home.  A 16 sided cordwood home (in Wisconsin,) complete with post and beam framework, living roof, masonry stove/heater/bake oven, stained concrete floor and a round, green hobbit door.

    The work is artistic, attractive and very nicely done.  The bottle end  and cordwood walls are artistic, attractive and very well done.   The nasturiums on the floor add a touch of whimsy.

    Here is a quote from Jessi’s blog.

    “We’re proceeding apace with the walls, which look so lovely when they’re done – from a distance they look like stone. Labor intensive and messy, but beautiful. We also have the framework for the round green door done. So we’re looking hobbity!”

    Jessi ends her emails with the following quote:

    Not all who wander are lost.   J.R.R.Tolkien

    Here is another quote from Jessi.

    Subject: Cordwood House

    Hi Richard – glad you like the looks of our place! All told, if you count the tree cutting/peeling summer, it took us about 5 years, but the actual cordwood stuff we squeezed into about two and half months – we started in October and laid up the last bit of wall the second week in December two years ago with the aid of much tarping and space heaters . It’s sixteen sided on a floating slab. The logs are 18 inches with loose fill insulation in the cavity. They are a mix of hemlock, spruce, and red pine which we took for the most part off the property. Our masonry heater was done by Gimme Shelter Construction over by you and then faced by a local mason, Wayne Kostka. Don was partially right in his comment – even on the coldest days this winter we were comfy with two fires a day, and it has stayed cool enough this summer that we haven’t bothered to move the window air con over from our old house. The roof is 6-8 inches of dirt over an Enkadrain drainage layer. Sedum we put in last fall has spread nicely and we put in another couple pounds of cuttings this summer, so in a few years when we’ve worn out the weeds it should be a nice low maintenance roof. All the rain we’ve had this year has given it a good test

    To Jessi & Dan:

    Kudos, congrats and thank you for sharing your wonderful cordwood home.

    Richard Flatau

    Cordwood Construction Building School

    flato@aol.com

    715-212-2870                715-536-3195

    http://www.daycreek.com/dc/html/dcrflatau3.htm

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    Nauhaus Prototype Gets Plastered

    July 13th, 2010 by Clarke

    Exterior and interior plastering is underway on the carbon neutral Nauhaus prototype.

    The interior surface of the hempcrete walls has a base coat of earthen plaster consisting of sub-soil harvested from the construction site and mixed with sand and water. The mix was chosen after testing sixteen different compositions, a process spearheaded by intern Shannon Levenson. Earth plaster serves the Nauhaus prototype mission because it requires almost no energy to make or transport, and therefore has very little carbon emissions associated with it. In addition, earth plastering is fairly easy to learn, requires few tools, and is instantly gratifying, both because it’s beautiful at any skill level and very similar to playing with mud pies, a therapeutic experience that many adults realize they have been neglecting for too long. Whatever the reason, the earth plastering process attracted volunteers and interns like flies to…well, compost.

    The exterior wall surface has been covered with a base coat of lime-based plaster supplied by Lime Technology as part of the hempcrete wall system. Both interior and exterior plasters were applied directly to the hempcrete which proved to be an excellent plaster substrate. Fiberglass mesh, similar to mesh drywall tape, were embedded in plaster over any joints or cracks in the hempcrete. Together these plasters over hempcrete create a vapor permeable wall system, sometimes called a “breathable wall”. The idea is to create a wall that is open to taking on and giving off water vapor in response to humidity levels in the air inside or outside the building.

    We believe vapor permeable walls will last much longer and help create better indoor air quality than cavity wall systems that dominate US residential construction. As any builder will tell you, it’s pretty much impossible to keep water out of walls. Permeable walls are designed with the idea that it’s okay if some water gets in as long as it can get out just as easily and won’t cause any damage in the process.

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    Nauhaus Radio Interview

    June 14th, 2010 by Clarke

    radioMike Figura and I did an interview about the Nauhaus prototype with Ned Doyle for his radio show, “Our Southern Community”. Okay, the interview was in February and I’m just getting around to listening to it. I’ve been busy, so sue me.

    Anyway, this is still accurate and has good information about our work, though some things have changed. For example, Mike now wears a tie.

    Here’s the interview divided into two parts:

    Nauhaus Interview Part 1

    Nauhaus Interview Part 2

    aaa

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    Nauhaus Primer: Talking Head About Carbon Neutrality and the Nauhaus Prototype

    June 5th, 2010 by Clarke

    We recently recorded this video intended as a draft to help us work on our public spiel. It needs a lot of work, but I thought I’d post it anyway because it’s a fairly thorough introduction to what we’re doing generally and the prototype in particular.  Just pretend you’re in high school and lunch is next period…Go generic sports team with some sort of mammal as its mascot!


    Carbon Neutrality and The Nauhaus Prototype from Clarke Snell on Vimeo.

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    We’ve Got Windows

    May 26th, 2010 by Clarke
    A quadruple pane window from Serious installed in a hempcrete wall in the Nauhaus Prototype

    A quadruple pane window from Serious installed in a hempcrete wall in the Nauhaus Prototype

    Well, we finally got the windows and doors installed. Okay, let me vent for a sec: prototypes are a bitch. We had to do a lot of head scratching and trial and error to figure out the best way to insure airtightness in our installation. The hempcrete is awesome, but it create its own set of challenges, especially since our truly wonderful Serious windows aren’t really designed to be installed in the middle of thick walls. (Serious is a partner with us on this project and we’re working with them to make things easier when you decide to replicate what we’re doing.)

    First, let’s sing the praises of these windows. Though a number of German companies make windows in this category, Serious Materials is the only US company that can meet the required specs for a Passive House. All window and door units on the project have fiberglass frames and quadruple pane glazing. Southern glazing has a center of glass insulation value of R-7 with an impressive solar heat gain coefficient (the percentage of solar heat that passes through the glass, 1.0 would be 100%) of about 0.7. This allows for heat gain from the low southern winter sun, a strategy integral to the Passive House integrated design system.

    North, east, and west glazings weigh in at an amazing center of glass rating of R-11, a rating equal to the fiberglass insulation in some conventional stick frame walls! This is compared to R-2 for a typical double pane window found on most US projects. Unlike the heavier European windows, Serious reaches this performance level with two pieces of glass and two pieces of plastic allowing for a thinner profile more like conventional windows typically available in the US.

    Why all the fuss? Well, I’ll tell you. In a Passive House in our climate region, walls need to be about R-40.  Sticking an R-2 hole in an R-40 wall just doesn’t make sense.  In a Passive House, the idea is to spend money on passive elements, extra insulation and really good windows for example, that don’t require energy inputs to do their job once installed, unlike heating, cooling, and ventilation equipment. In the right configuration, these passive elements combine to allow for a much simpler and less expensive mechanical system, thus saving money in construction and afterwards with much lower energy bills.

    Anyway, we’ve got video footage that we’ll eventually compile into a bunch of great educational how-to videos on the ins and outs of all this nifty construction detailing. If anyone out there is getting antsy for the goods, getting us a grant to fund collation of the documentation footage would really speed things up. Until then, wet your chops on these few photos:

    Here you see our custom plastic lumber sill piece with groove for backer rod and space for spray foam, the edge of the bituthane sill pan (green stuff), and the poured in place concrete exterior sill

    Here you see our custom plastic lumber sill piece with groove for backer rod and space for spray foam, the edge of the bituthane sill pan (green stuff), and the poured in place concrete exterior sill.

    All windows had to be pre-drilled through the fiberglass frames...

    All windows had to be pre-drilled through the fiberglass frames...

    ...then screwed to the stud framing in the middle of the hempcrete wall.

    ...then screwed to the stud framing in the middle of the hempcrete wall.

    Jeff installs backer rod as part of a multi-step installation process to insure maximum airtightness

    Jeff puts his engineering degree to work installing a backer rod as part of a multi-step installation process to insure maximum airtightness

    The plastic lumber sills were filled with foam after installation through a series of pre-drilled holes...ingenious!

    The plastic lumber sills were filled with foam after installation through a series of pre-drilled holes...ingenious!

    Southwest view showing all the windows installed. Doesn't look like any big deal, does it?

    Southwest view showing windows installed. Doesn't look like any big deal, does it?

    Installing the doors was a whole different story...don't get me started!

    Master carpenter and benevolent genius Tim working on a door. Installing the doors was a whole different story...don't get me started!

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    Legalize Industrial Hemp Nau

    May 20th, 2010 by Clarke

    Well, it’s Hemp History Week.  Here’s the short version of the industrial hemp rant:

    If you think the US is a capitalist country, think again. We can buy all the industrial hemp products we want, but we can’t grow the raw material to make the products ourselves. Can you say, “trade imbalance”? To learn a bit more, watch these two short videos we were involved in that discuss industrial hemp generally and then specifically as it applies to our Nauhaus prototype:

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    Interning with the Nauhaus

    April 29th, 2010 by Clarke
    chris_drill

    Christopher on the job


    Christopher Chemsak has been working with us this semester as part of his degree work in Environmental Studies at UNC Asheville. He’s worked two days a week on the construction site of the Nauhaus prototype, done research, and played lead guitar in our thrash metal band “Sustainable Suicide”…..okay, that last part isn’t true; he’s a folkie all the way. Here’s something he wrote about his experiences with us for a class assignment. If you want to know what he really thinks, you may have to interview him “off the record”.


    (By the way, anyone looking for a serious (sorry, unpaid) internship on our Nauhaus prototype project, contact us at info@thenauhaus.com.)


    Though working on the Nauhaus prototype project this semester did not provide me with very many opportunities to flex my tree identification muscles or exercise my policy memo writing abilities, the impact of my education in Environmental Studies became apparent to me as I realized what I had to chosen to represent by working with the Nauhaus Institute.


    Since freshman year, nearly every class I have taken in the Environmental Studies department (both at UNCA and at my study-away school, Southern Oregon University) have touched on, if not focused on, the relationship between humans and the environment, and generally, in regards to the human-induced aspects of climate change.  Naturally, this has increased my awareness of human attempts to reduce/reverse our negative impacts, which, in turn, has inspired me to learn as much as I can about what I can do and what other people are doing to change the way we relate to our surrounding ecosystems.


    In retrospect, it is undeniable that the lectures, readings, and conversations with professors and classmates in the Environmental Studies department were often the primary stimulators of the many shifts in my ecological perspective over the past few years. And because of that, I would say that I have a more-than-fundamental understanding of how “well” our country as a whole is doing in terms of reducing our negative impact (a.k.a. carbon footprint). While, overall, the United States is doing much less than we can/should be, there are a lot of good starts on both the national and the individual citizen levels. However, I have heard of nothing that can really compare to the directness of the Nauhaus Institute’s endeavors.


    The Nauhaus prototype is the epitome of manifesting the paradigm shift that is necessary for a carbon neutral future. I am amazed to be a part of this project, and really quite grateful for all the direct and indirect motivations provided by my studies in ecology and environmental sciences, but in this case I find it difficult to reference specific courses or professors for many of the connections that I was able to make during my internship. I have come to appreciate the process of learning more as a sequence of personal growth-stimulating experiences and less as a cataloging of specific facts and data. I am able to say, however, that my understanding of physical ecological interactions was much more simplified when I was freshman compared to now. So, obviously, that increase of knowledge has greatly increased my awareness regarding the way I perceive my daily ecological interactions, which is part of the reason why I was so interested in working at the Nauhaus.


    To be honest, I was (and still am) overwhelmed with all the technical engineering details of the prototype house, and I often find it difficult to even know where to begin when explaining the systems of the house. For me, the important thing was realizing the significance of both the way we build and the way we perceive our home-space—our habitat. This realization led to much research, contemplations, and revelations. The Nauhaus Institute promotes the idea that, like the field of ecology, building practices should be based in systems thinking—seeing the big picture. Having such a background in ecology allowed me to see the Nauhaus prototype as a house that was built on the premise of creating a sustainable future.


    In regards to any feelings of being ill-equipped for my internship, I will say that it would have been nice to have had some training in green building or general construction prior to my work with the Nauhaus, but that is not something that I feel should have been taught to me at UNCA. I would be lying if I said that I did not know of any college where a student majoring in Environmental Studies has the opportunity to learn about green/natural building techniques, but I chose UNCA over Warren Wilson College knowingly; so, it would be unfair of me to blame the department here at UNCA for my personal incompetency in carpentry. In fact, I would rather express gratitude to the Environmental Studies department for accepting my internship with The Nauhaus Institute as relevant to my degree.


    Not only did this experience help me to understand the potential we have to make the paradigm shift happen now, but it also enabled me to focus my interests and create an individualized concentration in Human Ecology. Working on a project that is promoting a new way of viewing the way that we interact with our ecological surroundings at the individual household level has helped me find a lot of the missing pieces to the puzzle that has been in my head for the past couple years. With my new concentration, I intend to reroute the objectivism and subjugation of nature that I find to often be implicit in the field of ecology and bridge the gap between it and a more contemplative view of existence, resulting in a perspective similar to the one represented by the Nauhaus Institute.


    The idea of bridging the gap between disciplines stems from the impression UNCA’s mission statement had on my experience as a freshman. That year—particularly Spring semester 2008—I took classes like Humanities 124 and an Honors Readings course on Henry David Thoreau that enabled me to see the world in the light of Taoism and transcendentalism simultaneously, which naturally enabled me to see the connectedness of all existence. Those two classes were just the beginning of my spree of connections as I went on to take classes in Oregon on Native American traditions, Chinese Medicine, Plant Ecology, and Forest Ecology, just to name a few that also all seemed to equally and simultaneously play a role in my “coming of age”. These classes undoubtedly affected my choice to work with the Nauhaus, which was only a furthering of the idea that all is one—that everything is related and interacts with each other. The systems thinking approach to building espoused by the Nauhaus is clear in its relationship to Taoism and the fundamental definition of ecology. Through this internship, liberal arts thinking styles enabled me to comprehend why it was important to, among other things, have an understanding of ecology and an awareness of our spiritual connection to the Earth in order to build a sustainable house.


    The true value of a liberal arts education became real to me one day this past semester when I was thinking about the idea behind an unpaid internship. I remember realizing suddenly that an internship is meant to be a chance to obtain the kind of field experience that is not available in a classroom for the sake of future employment. It seems obvious, but I really had not previously considered the fact that I might be more likely to get a job in a certain field if I can say that I have some experience to go along with my degree and my good manners. Having been educated in the liberal arts, I feel that I might find myself working in a wider range of disciplines than a typical non-liberal-arts graduate because of the way I have learned to make connections and constantly open my mind to new ways of thinking.


    I do not believe that I will follow any specific career path in architecture or construction, but I can already see that the skills that I learned at the Nauhaus will be helpful to my future as a homesteader. I enjoy working with my hands and someday, I hope to own a farm and help build my house. After working on the Nauhaus, I no longer aspire to build my house alone, but now, at least, I will have had experience performing some tasks and a lot of insight on what to consider for a sustainable design that promotes good health for the residents.


    As I have mentioned in other writings, this experience has been humbling for me in that I have learned that working on someone else’s project is a lot different than working on something that was the brainchild of primarily my own ideas. I think it’s all a part of a learning process—and learning was in fact my number one goal for this experience—but I realized that when it comes to hands-on  projects, I have a totally different work ethic when I am working for someone than when I am working for myself or as a part of a very small collaboration. Some may say that this is something that I just need to get over or I’ll never get anywhere in life, but I feel that having this awareness will be helpful in choosing work in my future.


    This opportunity to be a student outside doing physical labor instead of being inside in a classroom or in front of a computer has confirmed my goals to stay outside as much as possible as I continue on my educational/career path. It also has helped me to establish a new desire to work doing something that involves a perpetual learning process. I would like to eventually have some mastery of something, but I would not mind having to always remain open to new ways of doing that something, whatever it may be.


    Because I found my internship to be a generally fruitful experience, I would definitely like to tell future UNCA interns to try to get the coolest internship they can get, regardless of pay. My situation was ideal because as a part-time student, I really did not have much else to worry about. An internship is such a separate learning experience than typical classes, and I wish every student could have the kind of time to devote to their internship to the point where it becomes a temporary job.


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    Catherine Mohr Talks About the Energy Used to Build Her House

    April 24th, 2010 by Seldom

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    Building Fundamentals: Energy Efficiency Geekout – Anatomy of Windows and Doors Part I

    April 22nd, 2010 by Clarke

    This article by Clarke Snell was originally published in the New Life Journal.

    If you ask 10 kids to draw a picture of a house, I can almost guarantee that they’ll all include a door and at least one big window. Ask those same kids 25 years later to describe their dream houses and I predict they will all be crammed full of windows. What I’m saying here is that in my experience, we all love windows. What’s wrong with that? Well, if our goal is to create an energy efficient building, typical glass-filled openings are actually a real pain in the astragal because compared to modern wall systems they perform horribly. In this month’s column, I’ll explain the basics of why this is true. Then next month, I’ll tell you what you can do about it.

    Sidebar: R-value vs. U-value

    Resistance to heat flow in building materials is usually quantified as R-value. The higher the R, the better the insulation. Just to confuse us, the insulation value of windows is expressed as U-value which is the inverse of R. To find out the R-value of a window, divide 1 by its U-value. For example, U= .4; 1÷.4 = R2.5

    Heat Loss

    Other than keeping rain and snow out of your bed, perhaps the most pivotal function of your house is its ability to create a different temperature inside than the temperature outside. This is accomplished by wrapping the interior space with insulation, a generic term for a material designed to resist the flow of heat. To oversimplify for our purposes, the better this insulation cocoon functions, the less heating or cooling the building will need. Since heating and cooling both cost money and usually involve global warming creating carbon emissions (our buildings are responsible for about 50% of our collective carbon footprint), improving insulation has been a focus of the green building movement. In recent years, we’ve made incredible strides and now have access to insulation systems that can produce walls systems with R-values (see sidebar) in the 20’s, 30’s, and even 40’s. Typical new windows, however, have R-values of only 2 or 3, 10 or more times worse than the wall itself. This is almost equivalent to a thermal hole in the wall. Therefore, the main performance flop for windows is their inadequate resistance to the flow of heat.

    Mean Radiant Temperature

    Mean radiant temperature is basically the average temperature of the surfaces of everything in the vicinity of your body. In a house, that means the surface of windows, walls, furniture, dusty knickknacks, and everything else. All of these surfaces radiate heat outward toward your skin, and your skin in turn radiates toward them. Since windows are so bad at slowing heat movement, their surface temperature will tend to be very different than that of other surfaces in your house. If the surface temperature of an object near you is considerably less or more than that of your body, you feel it as cold or warmth. This is why on a cold winter day, the thermostat can read 70F and you’ll still feel cold standing by a window. Low surface temperature, then, is another way windows drag down the overall thermal performance of our wall system.

    Air Leakage

    Doors and operable windows are basically huge holes that can be opened and closed. By definition, though, that closure is never perfect. The hole always leaks. Gaps and cracks in our wall will allow air to bypass insulation resulting in the movement of heat in or out of our building. Therefore, another strike against windows and doors is their contribution to this air leakage.

    Solar Heat Gain

    Responsible energy efficient designs incorporate a basically infinite, free source of energy: the sun. In our climate this means letting the sun in during the winter.  We need glass-filled openings to accomplish this. Different glass types and configurations let in more or less of the sunlight that hits them. This is quantified as a number called the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) which is basically the percentage of potential solar heat that glass lets into the building. For example, a SHCG of .5 means that 50% of the potential solar heat is making it through the glass. There are situations where we want solar heat gain and others where we don’t, so the wrong glass type in the wrong place can be a major detriment to building performance.

    Conclusion

    The point I’m making here is that windows and doors are typically VERY weak spots in the performance of a modern building. Next month, I’ll give you the skinny on how to choose the right windows and doors for new construction and remodeling or how to spiff up the performance of your existing underachieving glass units.

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